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Mar 17 2023
Footballers at increased risk of developing dementia, study finds | World News

Footballers are one and a half times more likely to develop dementia than the general population, a new study suggests.

Researchers in Sweden compared the health records of 6,007 elite male football players – of which 510 were goalkeepers – with 56,168 non-footballers between 1924 and 2019.

The team, from the Karolinska Institutet and other research centres, have published their study in the respected peer-reviewed medical journal, The Lancet.

It found 9% of the footballers included were diagnosed with neurodegenerative disease, compared with 6% (3,485 out of 56,168) of the control sample.

There was no significant risk increase for footballers of contracting motor neurone disease, according to the study.

The risk of Parkinson’s disease and overall mortality was also lower among football players compared to other people, the researchers found.

The academics behind the study suggested this might be “because of maintaining good physical fitness from frequently playing football”.

The study also compared the risk of neurodegenerative disease among outfield players to goalkeepers. It found outfield players had a 1.4 times higher risk of neurodegenerative disease compared to goalkeepers.

Peter Ueda, assistant professor at Karolinska Institutet, said: “Goalkeepers rarely head the ball, unlike outfield players, but are exposed to similar environments and lifestyles during their football careers and perhaps also after retirement.

“It has been hypothesised that repetitive mild head trauma sustained through heading the ball is the reason football players are at increased risk, and it could be that the difference in neurodegenerative disease risk between these two types of players supports this theory.”

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Footballers

In recent years, there have been growing concerns about exposure to head trauma in football and whether it can lead to an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease later in life.

A previous study from Scotland suggested that footballers were 3.5 times more likely to develop neurodegenerative disease.

Following this evidence, certain footballing associations implemented measures to reduce heading in younger age groups and training settings.

Mr Ueda added: “While the risk increase in our study is slightly smaller than in the previous study from Scotland, it confirms that elite footballers have a greater risk of neurogenerative disease later in life.

“As there are growing calls from within the sport for greater measures to protect brain health, our study adds to the limited evidence base and can be used to guide decisions on how to manage these risks.”

The Football Association is currently trialling banning children under the age of 12 from heading the ball in grassroots leagues and competitions in England.

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Jan 25 2023
Better home insulation could mean people live longer, study suggests | Climate News

Making homes better insulated and using renewable energy to power them could mean people live longer.

That’s the conclusion of a new study that found net zero policies like home insulation, if successfully introduced, would “significantly” cut mortality in England and Wales by 2050.

The government’s net zero strategy, published in 2021, sets out a pathway to reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the middle of this century.

An extra two million years of life lived would be added across the population by 2050, if the balanced pathway plan – a 60% reduction in emissions by 2035 – was implemented, said researchers.

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National Grid: Cash to reduce energy

The study looked at six net zero policies – it argued that retrofitting homes with insulation would be the most effective, resulting in an additional 836,000 life years for the population by the middle of the century.

Switching to renewable energy to power homes was the second most-effective policy, resulting in an extra 657,000 years over the same period, the modelling suggested.

Researchers said retrofitting homes, to make them more energy efficient and reduce consumption and emissions, would mean properties get warmer in the winter.

They argued that as long as there was adequate ventilation, then people would be exposed to less pollution generated indoors, like from particles and radon.

Radon is a natural radioactive gas which comes from the decay of uranium in rocks and soil, and can seep from the ground and get into homes through the floor.

The researchers stressed that without additional ventilation, the indoor generated pollution could build up inside properties, which is bad for people’s overall health.

Window installation

Retrofitting can include insulating roofs, walls and floors; replacement windows; improved ventilation design; airtightness works and more efficient heating and hot water systems.

Moving forward, those behind the study claimed it may even underestimate the health benefits of net zero policies, as they did not model all the potential health benefits of the policies’ implementation.

The peer-reviewed study was published in the journal, The Lancet Planetary Health.

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Jan 12 2023
Long COVID symptoms ‘resolve in a year’ for most with mild illness, study finds | UK News

Long COVID sufferers who had a mild bout of the virus should expect their symptoms to resolve within a year, researchers have suggested.

People with ongoing effects after illness have been concerned that lingering symptoms will not disappear.

But academics suggest that “mild disease does not lead to serious or chronic long-term morbidity”.

The team of Israeli researchers compared data on people who had not been infected with COVID-19 with people who suffered a mild form of the virus, meaning they suffered symptoms but did not require hospital care.

They also examined information on lingering symptoms after infection in both vaccinated and unvaccinated people.

Almost two million people’s information was looked at in the research, all of whom had taken a COVID-19 test between March 2020 and October 2021.

Data on almost 300,000 people who had a confirmed mild case of COVID was compared with the same number of people who had not contracted the disease.

The research team also examined information on a range of long COVID symptoms including loss of taste and smell, breathing problems, concentration and memory issues, also known as brain fog.

They discovered that symptoms of long COVID “remained for several months” but almost always resolved within a year.

“Lingering” breathing problems were also found to be more common among people who had not received a COVID vaccination compared with those who had.

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“Although the long COVID phenomenon has been feared and discussed since the beginning of the pandemic, we observed that most health outcomes arising after a mild disease course remained for several months and returned to normal within the first year,” the academics wrote in The BMJ.

“This nationwide dataset of patients with mild COVID-19 suggests that mild disease does not lead to serious or chronic long-term morbidity and adds a small continuous burden on healthcare providers.

“Importantly, the risk for lingering dyspnoea was reduced in vaccinated patients with breakthrough infection compared with unvaccinated people, while risks of all other outcomes were comparable.”

The researchers said the largest number of long-term symptoms for at least six months was found among people aged 41 to 60 compared with other age groups.

The different types of coronavirus strains were not found to have an effect on the duration of long COVID.

An estimated 2.1 million people in the UK were experiencing self-reported long COVID at the start of December last year, according to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

Long COVID is defined as symptoms continuing for more than four weeks after infection.

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Jan 3 2023
All pupils in England to study maths until 18 under Rishi Sunak’s ‘new mission’ | Politics News

Pupils in England will study maths up until the age of 18 under plans to be unveiled by Rishi Sunak.

The prime minister will say there is a need to “reimagine our approach to numeracy” in his first speech of the year on Wednesday, adding: “Letting our children out into the world without those skills is letting our children down.”

The details of the prime minister’s “new mission” will be announced “in due course”, Number 10 said, though the government did not “envisage” making maths A-Level compulsory.

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Labour said it would be “an empty pledge” if they could not recruit more maths teachers.

Around eight million adults in England have the numeracy skills of primary school children, according to government figures, while 60% of disadvantaged pupils do not have basic maths skills at 16.

“One of the biggest changes in mindset we need in education today is to reimagine our approach to numeracy,” Mr Sunak is expected to say.

“Right now, just half of all 16-year-olds study any maths at all. Yet in a world where data is everywhere and statistics underpin every job, our children’s jobs will require more analytical skills than ever before.”

The prime minister wants pupils to study some form of maths until 18, with the government exploring the right route, including the Core Maths qualifications, T-Levels and “more innovative options”.

During the speech, Mr Sunak is expected to “acknowledge that reform on this scale won’t be easy”, meaning the policy will not come into force until the next parliament.

He will say the issue is “personal” for him, because the “single most important reason” he entered politics was “to give every child the highest possible standard of education”.

Image:
Rishi Sunak will say his ambitions for numeracy are ‘personal’

Sunak needs to ‘show his working’

The pledge appears to be a watered-down version of an education policy from last summer’s Conservative leadership contest.

Mr Sunak said then that he wanted to create a new British Baccalaureate requiring all 16-year-olds to study core subjects, including maths and English, beyond GCSE level.

Downing Street said pupils studying maths until 18 would put England on a par with most other OECD countries, including Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Norway and the United States.

Labour’s shadow education secretary, Bridget Phillipson, criticised the plan, calling on Mr Sunak to “show his working”.

“He cannot deliver this reheated, empty pledge without more maths teachers, yet the government has missed their target for new maths teachers year after year, with existing teachers leaving in their droves,” she said.

“Now, maths attainment gaps are widening yet Rishi Sunak as chancellor said the country had ‘maxed out’ on Covid recovery support for our children.”

Ms Phillipson said the party would end tax breaks for private schools and use the money to invest in 6,500 more teachers, including maths teachers, “to drive up standards in this country”.

Liberal Democrat MP Munira Wilson echoed Labour’s sentiment, saying: “The prime minister’s words mean nothing without the extra funding and staff to make it happen.”

She added: “You don’t need a maths A-Level to know it takes more teachers to teach maths to age 18 than to 16.

“But schools are already struggling with a shortage of maths teachers, and the Conservatives have no plan to turn that around.”

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Jul 21 2022
Gene therapy cuts risk of bleeding in haemophilia B patients, study finds | UK News

A new gene therapy can substantially cut the risk of bleeding in people with the rare condition haemophilia B, according to a new study.

Researchers found people who received a single injection of the gene therapy, called FLT180a, did not need to inject themselves every week with clotting factors – proteins that help control bleeding.

Haemophilia is a rare condition that impacts the blood’s ability to clot.

It is typically inherited and mainly affects men.

People with the condition lack clotting factors, which mix with blood cells called platelets to stop bleeding after cuts and injuries.

They can still suffer debilitating joint damage – a consequence of the condition – even with the weekly injections currently available.

Haemophilia A is caused by a lack of factor VIII and is more common, while haemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of factor IX.

In a new 26-week trial led by the Royal Free Hospital, University College London and biotechnology company Freeline Therapeutics, experts found that a single treatment with FLT180a led to sustained production of the protein from the liver in nine out of 10 patients with severe or moderately severe haemophilia.

Lead author Professor Pratima Chowdary, from UCL, said: “Removing the need for haemophilia patients to regularly inject themselves with the missing protein is an important step in improving their quality of life.

“The long-term follow-up study will monitor the patients for durability of expression and surveillance for late effects.”

Patients on the trial had to take immune suppressing drugs over several weeks to several months to keep their immune systems from rejecting the treatment.

While the therapy was generally well received, all patients experienced side effects.

One who received the highest FLT180a dose developed an abnormal blood clot.

Professor Amit Nathwani, who co-founded Freeline, a company focused on liver-directed gene therapies, said: “Gene therapy is still a young field that pushes the boundaries of science for people with severe genetic diseases.”

He said the trial, which was published in the New England Journal of Medicine, adds to “the growing body of evidence that gene therapy has the potential to free patients from the challenges of having to adhere to lifelong therapy or could provide treatment where none exists today”.

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